Exposure is one of the most important aspects of understanding photography. Exposure is the process of letting a certain amount of light in the cameras lens. The key to getting the correct exposure is by balancing the three main elements, they are shutter speed, ISO and aperture.
If a photograph doesn't get enough light then it is underexposed and if the picture is too bright then it is overexposed. What is a good exposure? There is no 'correct' exposure, only the one that looks best. The goal is to get the medium between underexposed and over exposed.
What affects the exposure?
To get the right amount of exposure you have to balance the aperture and the shutter speed and ISO. when you do this you control how much light goes through the lens (aperture), the length of time the light passes through (shutter speed) and how sensitive to light the light sensor is. When you adjust all these factors you can achieve the exposure you desire.
I think that after researching exposure I have a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of photography.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_%28photography%29
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